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Monday, September 30, 2019

Han China

Thesis †¢ It is not acceptable to simply say â€Å"the two civilizations were similar and different† – specify specifically how they are similar and different †¢ Possible Prompt: Analyze similarities and differences in techniques of imperial administration in TWO of the following empires. – Han China (206 B. C. E. –220 C. E. ) – Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B. C. E. –550 C. E. ) – Imperial Rome (31 B. C. E. –476 C. E. )Example †¢ The political system of Han China is similar to the Guptan Empire in that both included strict laws and stressed the importance of your role n society. A major difference between these administrations is that in Han China the king was fully in charge, even revered, while in the Mauryan/Guptan Empire priests were at the top of the hierarchy. Example †¢ The imperial administration of Han China and Imperial Rome were similar because they were both headed by an emperor.However, they differed in their treatment of the emperor. In Han China a ruler’s decisions, if detrimental to society, could be questioned. While in Rome, what the emperor decreed could not be questioned. What do I need for my thesis? You must address 1 specific similarity and 1 specific difference. †¢ i. e. Both the Empires of China and Rome were ruled by an emperor who maintained imperial control, however, the Chinese instituted a system of scholar bureaucrats that gained their position through merit, while the Romans never achieved such an elaborate bureaucracy. What is a direct comparison? †¢ This is a comparison that is not split between paragraphs or by other sentences. It must be one or two sentences that compare one subject of the comparison to another. †¢ Your comparisons should be supported by vidence to support your statement. Example Direct Comparison: While both the Roman and Han (or Gupta) Empires left behind many achievements, the Han (or Gupta) were much more technol ogically and culturally creative.Evidence: – The Romans took much of their culture from the Greeks, such as their religion, artwork and architecture. – While the Romans had aqueducts, roads and other great works, much of this was taken from others and improved upon. The Gupta on the other hand came up with the concept of zero and a base 10 number system that is still in use today. The Romans relied on slavery for their source of labor, while the Chinese relied upon free peasants. This led to technological stagnation on the part of the Romans, while the Chinese were able to (insert pieces of specific evidence here). What is analysis? †¢ This is where you explain why. †¢ You tell the reader what caused this similarity or difference to occur. †¢ This is usually a because sentence and the most difficult part of the comparison essay. †¢ The reason that the Guptan bureaucracy was never as elaborate as that of the Chinese was because†¦.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Outline Christian teaching on Wealth and Poverty Essay

Christians believe that wealth is neither completely good nor bad. Wealth can be a big advantage to those in need an example of a good use of wealth would be building houses and shelter for the homeless, wealth can also promote corruption in our world, providing the incentive for some to abuse their wealth, an example of a bad use of wealth would be buying weapons to commit violent acts. Other sinful things that are cause by wealth are drugs, gambling and prostitution. When people have a lot of wealth they usually commit some of these sins or all of them. Christians also believe that wealth is a good thing, but greed is not. If a wealthy person becomes greedy they start hurting the people among them in order to earn more and more wealth. It is easier for a poor person to give up  £1000 if that’s all they have than a greedy person to do so. Christian teach that wealthy people should be good stewards with their wealth. By this they mean that people have to use their wealth for everyone in need. Also they believe that a persons possessions have a rightful owner which is God. â€Å"Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, â€Å"How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!. The disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said again, â€Å"Children, how hard is itto enter the kingdom of God! It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.†. Mark 10:23-25. In this quote Jesus is not directly saying that by being rich you wont get into heaven. He is telling them that by being rich it can lead to people not going to heaven. Also he is telling his disciples that the way people use their wealth defines if they are going to heaven or not. He compares the fact of a rich man going to heaven with a camel entering the eye of a needle. He uses this comparison to make believe that if someone becomes rich it is impossible for them to store riches anywhere else except here on earth. Lastly Christians believe and teach that all wealthy people should give to charity and other people who are in poverty. They also believe its their duty to give to the poor as God has given them all this wealth.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

A Study On Corruption In Bangladesh Politics Essay

A Study On Corruption In Bangladesh Politics Essay Bangladesh, undoubtedly, is one of the worlds most populated countries, with minimal progress because of its relatively late independence in 1971, as well as its limited resources. Bangladesh’s struggle to become an independent and developed country has been difficult, thus making it one of the poorest countries in the world. It ranks 36th in the world for having the largest portion of the population below the poverty line. Since people do not have a sufficient amount of money, they start to look for options in which they can seek personal gain, while disregarding ethical questions. Corruption is a fester epidemic in Bangladeshi society, penetrating the very fabric of the people’s lives. This prevents rich countries from effectively administrating crucial aid to poverty-stricken Bangladesh because of concerns regarding the rampant poverty. Corruption not only cripples the economic development of a country, but it also damages capital accumulation, increases income ineq uality, poverty and reduces the effectiveness of development aid.[1] Due to its geographic location, Bangladesh is subjected to many natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and tsunamis. Bangladesh’s vulnerability to natural disasters unquestionably leaves more than half the nation dependent on water, which is now their means of living. People in Bangladesh are unable to meet the basic necessities of life and consequently, this triggers poverty. More than 45% of Bangladesh’s population is below the poverty line as of 2004. Therefore, the process of poverty leads to many people going into depression. Like many other developing nations, Bangladesh faces immense challenges. It will never have a viable future because factors like corruption, vulnerability to natural disasters and poverty hinder the nation’s progress. Bangladesh is a country, where more than 40 percent of the population lives less than a dollar a day, and a factor like corruption is just keepin g its economy from improving. Global watchdog Transparency International rated Bangladesh the world’s most corrupt nation for five consecutive years since 2001.[2] It has been estimated that nearly 75% more than $35 billion dollars received since independence has been lost for corruption.[3] Many politicians in Bangladesh attain private gain secretly and are never held accountable or accused for it because of their high ranks. Even the highest officers of politics and judiciary have been tainted by the evil of corruption. Money is always used to fill up the pockets of corrupted representatives. The educated are elected through rigging, and once they have a huge say in the government, they misuse their power of authority. The increase in corruption is due to inappropriate and inadequate applications of law. There have been no effective steps or activities taken to protest crime. Evidently, it is not easy to take action against corrupt government officials hence this all encour ages them towards greater corruption.[4] Corruption is also evident because of Bangladesh’s failure to practice proper democracy. When money is infested into Bangladesh’s economy, it is never used to abolish its weaknesses and rather used unethically. Since independence, most of those who ruled the country were corrupt. In all, the absence of trustworthy and honest leadership to guide a nation is the major cause of the increase in corruption.[5]

Friday, September 27, 2019

Project Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Statistics Project Example That is, an increase in Qatar’s GDP by one unit will increase the value of Qatar’s exports by 4268.572. An increase importing country’s GDP by one unit will increase the value of Qatar’s value of exports by 294.0738. On the other hand, an increase in distance by one unit will increase the value of export by 20763.51. from the analysis above, it is clear that distance is the greatest contributor of value of exports. The GDP of Qatar was valued at $192,390,104,345 billion in 2012. The Gross Domestic Product value of Qatar represents 0.30% of the world’s economy. Between the years 1970 and 2012, Qatar’s GDP was averaged at $27.03 Billion reaching an all-time high of $192,390,104,345 billion in 2012 and low of $0.30 in 1970. The World Bank is the principal reporter of Qatar’s GDP. To understand the link between real GDP and the imports of cereals in Qatar, it is important to examine the indicators of international trade. It is important to note that the distance from the location of a commodity will affect the costs of obtaining the same commodity. It is therefore prudent to obtain the commodity at a market that will not increase the prices of the goods. The volume of international trade will depend majorly on the GDP of a nation. This implies that productivity and consumption level of an economy are directly linked. An increase in the production limits in a country will resul t in a proportional increase in real GDP of that country and

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Bullying become normal in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bullying become normal in US - Essay Example America having its cultural basis in the concept of enlightenment is experiencing most of bullying problems as compared to other western countries. This situation is a question mark for the governments, educational institutes as the basic idea during formation of America was equal opportunities to all the people of the country both economically and socially (UNESCO). Bullying causes division of society on the basis of race, religion or sexuality. This division can make one group of human beings in superiority complex while others in inferiority complex. A situation which is quite alarming to all the members of society as well as for the economic growth of the country; as economic progress demands full working power of individuals to attain a common goal of prosperity for the country. The first experience of Bully most of the American student have is the discrimination of students on the basis of color. White students have violent behavior towards black students and African Americans also. In opposition black people tend to form their own communities and somewhat try to compete with white students. This type of division from the start of professional career remains towards the end of their lives. It can be clearly seen throughout longitude and latitude of the country. Division of humans on any basis is unethical and moral less. Especially it is remarkable to know these facts even in this age when planet earth is supposed to be global village and America is regarding an ideal regarding liberty and related concepts. The division on the basis of race is opposed by both federal and local governments throughout the country. Yet there are many amendments required laws regarding this type of discrimination (UNESCO) (FEC). The curriculum of psychology also needs to be changed, in my opinion as there is continues flaws in the psychiatrist’s education as most of the experts yet cannot define normal or abnormal person in this regard. Major source of this differentia tion is done at the young age starting commonly from difference in fashions, hair styles and clothing. Most of the African America students have distress education career; also most of these children even now days are facing family economic problems like poverty continuous eviction notices and loss of jobs their parents continuously have. This creates an inferiority complex in such students and they tend to get in a hole with other students like them creating a unique community to live; right from the start of their lives. This affects the whole life of the children. Later they become middle class citizens having mediocre jobs and this situation is continuing for decades now. On the other hand white students make their own community. Clearly based on superiority they have socially over the black or African American students. It is the major cause of other psychiatric condition called superiority complex. It continues throughout their whole educational career and all over the life of people. America as we know today is divided extensively on this. Also there is bullying for other immigrants also. Second type of bullying faced majorly by American students is the division of people on the basis of sex. This bullying is faced by majority of female students even today. The consequences of this type of bullying are more devastating than the first one. This type of mental illness is much difficult to

Understanding of Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding of Art - Research Paper Example As she reaches her conclusion, the author reaches out to the audience and her fellow scholars to respect many of the forms of expression that exist. It does not necessarily mean that whatever people do when they need to express themselves is to be termed as art. Also, this does not signify that it is obligated to fit into the contemporary form of West-European art. This is the problem that faces many individuals around the world. If a method of expression is not accepted among the common, expected, and well-known type, it is not hard to hear the term ‘primitive art’ being thrown in the mix. The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experi ence can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art. Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. ... The author’s choice of words can assist the audience know that she is an anthropologist. As a professor at the University of California, she has experience in the manner and the way of life of humans. Their interactions in everyday life are monitored by anthropologists. This is to try and understand why they behave around each other, in the manner in which they do. Human experience can also be relayed through anthropology. This explains her interest in the topic of describing everything that has human contact as art (Dean 27). Once the audience determines this, they might try to explain the connection between the different forms of emotions that manages to assist individuals express themselves differently. The author’s audience is formed mostly by anthropology students and scholars in the same field. Individuals who need an insight into the manner in which individuals relate to each other is vital in today’s world. This may give them an avenue to find out why som e of the things that people do, do not mean they are focusing on another thing. The term art has been used to describe products of different cultures. However, to them, it was just a way of expressing how they felt, and does not necessarily fall under the art category. By claiming anything that has had human contact, for example, being touched, produced, or moved as simply art, is not doing justice to all that was put into the original purpose of the object (Dean 29). The author’s sources range from interviews to Art journals. All these present the author with a channel to inform anyone that may be interested in different cultural backgrounds. The cultures present have developed different understanding of

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Exam Questions - Essay Example Line managers maintain the arduous role of ensuring that employees are achieving performance targets, focusing on proper planning, scheduling and generic supervision to ensure compliance to corporate policies. However, when line managers take on the role of providing HR assistance, they become much more psychologically involved with employees to improve their dedication and motivation. Consider an organisation with a structured production system governed by traditional line management. In the role of HR provider, the line manager goes beyond the work schedule and efficiency measurement, becoming a strategic partner with the human resources division to create value rather than merely productivity. Research in human resources identifies that employee empowerment is one of the most fundamental methods of gaining their commitment and motivation. Empowerment strategies give employees more flexibility in taking active roles in corporate decision-making, thus giving employees a perception o f control and prestige within the organisation. According to Yusoff (2008) when employees are granted more authority, it becomes easier in the long-run to ensure discipline and control. Line managers have the most frequent contact with employees and thus act as the intermediary for team development. Line management has more intimate knowledge of employees’ attitudes, lifestyle preferences and skills capabilities than that of the HR manager due to their close proximity in the production (or non-production) environments. This gives line managers a unique ability to utilise many different HR theories to ensure that they become more like coaches or mentors than simply authoritative line managers to assist in developing employees’ core competencies. For instance, in a production environment, there is a constant demand for change. Change comes in the form of new technology implementation or systems process restructuring in order to meet cost or strategic-based performance or output goals. The line manager acting as an HR facilitator can become more active in training provision, giving employees hands-on tacit knowledge that can be transferred for better organisational learning and knowledge exchange. According to Bambacas and Bordia (2009, p.225) when training is provided that is perceived as being non-transferrable to another business, it becomes too costly for the employee to leave in pursuit of different employment. Traditionally, the HR manager handles the process of developing and implementing training packages. However, when involving the line manager, the management team can provide a distinctly different element to ensuring employees have the knowledge and skills to accept and embrace changes in the work environment. Line managers hold intimate knowledge of the systems that drive organisational productivity and can thus take this self-contained, tacit knowledge and disseminate it directly through concrete and applied training; something not ach ievable with the HR manager who is not personally familiar with operational systems. The line manager empowers employees, establishing a sense of group belonging in the team, constantly reinforcing that uniqueness of the training packages to gain a psychological advantage over employees. By using both line

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Is the Law Relating to the Offence of Dissemination of Terrorist Essay

Is the Law Relating to the Offence of Dissemination of Terrorist Publications in Need of Reform - Essay Example Recently, the UK government had problems in complying with provisions of the European Convention of Human rights in respect to its terrorism laws1. One measure in UK’s terrorism law is the pre-charge detention of terrorist suspects for up to twenty eight days without taking appearing in court. The British government intention to amend this law in 2008 and extend it to 42 days was unsuccessful. The government met resistance from civil right groups and parliamentarians who were against such measures since they saw it as an abuse of fundamental rights of individuals. The committee on human rights gave a conclusion that such measures were a breach of the right of liberty as in article five of the European Courts of Human Rights and derogation was necessary for the measure to be lawful2. Legal experts’ opinion was that the pre-charge detention for 42 days is disproportionate and European human rights laws do not provide legal framework for arbitrary arrests and detentions. R eaction from the British government was an explanation that the forty two day period was compatible with the ECHR. The European laws do not set a specific time period for which a person can be detained without appearing in court. ... However, this made the Blaire’s government to be in conflict with parliament resulting in the defeat of the 90 day period proposed by Tony Blaire to a 28 day period3. The premier criticized parliament and the labour MPs who came against him. Defeat of Tony Blaire’s government concerning this anti-terrorism bill brought a debate on whether Mr Blaire was an independent premier or a lame duck that was unable to mobilize his party to support such a crucial bill. Basing on this, likely changes in the bill will have a political effect in the sense that parliament might opt to refuse the changes or support the changes. The media is likely play a role in discussing such issues, with either providing a critique of the said legislation or supporting the legislation on condition that they do not breach the individual rights of people. Changes in the terrorism act of 2006 are likely to affect fundamental human rights and freedom which include4, right to freedom of movement, right t o privacy, right to non-discriminative policies, right to a remedy for breach of human rights, right to fair trial and freedom of expression. These rights are under protection of European Courts of Human Rights5 and the government of UK has committed itself to uphold them. Concerning these fundamental human rights, changes in terrorism act of 2006 will create new detention and questioning powers for security agencies in the UK, they will give the Attorney General new powers to proscribe terrorist organisations and will create new criminal offences and means of controlling people’s movements and activities. For instance, changes in terrorism law regarding attendance at a place formerly in use of terrorism activity, the

Monday, September 23, 2019

Global Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Business Plan - Essay Example Checking inflation, lowering the deficit, and bettering the efficiency of public sector continue to be vital challenges confronting the government. (The Economy of Costa Rica) Costa Rica continues to be one of the safest and most attractive countries for foreign investment in Latin America. The Costa Rican government, its ministries and F.I.s keep up a distinctly pro-US and continental position with regard to financial security and tax laws. The avowed objective is to attract mainly the companies that are on the technological forefront to leverage Central America's most educated, computer literate and highly disciplined workforce together with the modern production infrastructure the nation is presently building. Currently, the economy is being changing over from its long-term dependence on coffee, bananas and cattle rearing to electronics like microprocessor production and high-tech telecommunication services. The pro-investment friendly climate and government policy of transforming the country into the Silicon Valley of Latin America has lured major companies like Acer, Microsoft, GE, Intel Corporation to make considerable investments in the country bot h financially as well as physically, with major production and distribution facilities. (Doing Business in Costa Rica) During 1998, in the course of its entire history, Costa Rica is set to earn a major part from high technology exports than from coffee or bananas or from the flourishing tourism industry. The World Bank has highly rated the country in terms of political and financial health. In the annual conference, the World Bank commended the nation as possessing one of the most stable and robust democracies among the Latin American countries. World Bank also praised the country because of the healthy growth rate and some of the best social indicators in the continent. The country is one of the strongest advocates of continental trade zone, and already possesses its own agreement with Mexico and other nations of the region. The number of tree trade zones of the country and tax holiday opportunities is lucrative. They extend benefits like exemption from import duties on capital goods, components, raw material; unlimited profit repatriation, exemption of tax on profits for 8 years and a 50% exempti on for the subsequent four years. (Doing Business in Costa Rica) Even though the country is not an offshore financial centre in the conventional sense, it favourable tax structure implies that it could have been categorized as a tax haven some decades ago. But it was not until recently that the government came to know of its tax haven potential and started to enact laws and market this sector of economic activity. The country possess a lot of characteristic feature which renders it a distinct advantage compared to other offshore jurisdictions inclusive a perceived on shore jurisdictional status, rock bottom taxes and a fiscal policy that does not differentiate between residents and non-residents for taxation purposes. Off-shore activity is at present booming in Costa Rica and a number of popular companies have established operations, however the industry is yet just in its early stages. A major offshore banking industry is not present primarily due to the fact that the industry came out of the shackles of state control in the year 1996. (Offshore Business Activities in Costa Rica) The financial institutions in the

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Research Evaluation Tables Essay Example for Free

Research Evaluation Tables Essay Through this study, Henri intended to determine whether dynamism in performance measurement systems was appropriate for any change an organization underwent, or if there were circumstances where revision to the performance measurement systems were not needed.  Henri also intended to determine if the link between dynamic performance measurement systems and the performance of an organization were contingent on a level of internal or external change. The third goal of this study was to add additional data on this subject to the scant body of research available on the dynamism of performance measurement systems. | Research Methods| Henri used quantitative/confirmatory analysis in this study. Henri used a mail survey to gather data. The survey used seven point Likery-type scales to assess changes to the performance measurement systems, to determine innovativeness and learning orientation of the organization and organizational performance. All of the tools used in the questionnaire were validated in advance. | Audience| Henri focused this study on two main audiences. The first was to provide information to manager, executives, and professionals charged with running organizations. Henri also intended to add additional research for managerial accounting literature. | Research Evaluation| The researchers in this study used Likert Scale questions to assess performance measurement at the organization. Likert Scales are frequently used when a researcher wants to measure attitudes about a certain topic (Plano Clark amp; Criswell, 2010). The researchers also demonstrated the validity of the study by having experts in the field test the instrument in three different groups and provide feedback (Plano Clark amp; Criswell, 2010). One problem with this study was the response rate was only 24 percent which increases the risks of bias in the study (Bowling, 2005). This study is written to cover the topic of how performance measurement should change, and when, which is a practical topics for managers to review. The overall conclusion of this study found organizations willing to periodically review performance measures have better overall organizational performance. This information would be beneficial to my agency because we use performance measures to make decisions in the organization. Evaluating performance measures to ensure they are still applicable to our work will allow us to adjust performance measures to increase overall organizational performance. McCoy and Kinyua completed a cross-sectional study reviewing General Find disbursements over a 12-month period. McCoy and Kinyua chose to look at funding instead of expenditures because they determined it was more accurate and completed. The researchers looked at the population of the countries, the income levels, government funding and also funding sources to identify countries in need of disbursements from the Global Fund more than others. The data was all collected from spreadsheets that were found on the Global Fund website. The date was prepared and present in text, tables and charts. | Audience| This study was intended for executives and decision makers linked to the Global Fund, government officials, donors and health care professionals in the countries receiving money from the Global Fund. | Research Evaluation| This study took the information from public documents located on the Global Fund website. The complete information could be analyzed and because it was factual information and not interview data there were fewer opportunities for bias in the data (Plano Clark amp; Criswell, 2010). The esearchers in this study followed the process of quantitative data analysis (Plano Clark amp; Criswell, 2010). A significant problem with this study and the recommendations are the external factors in each country which guide leaders in how they decide to spend funds obtained. Each country is different and many of the countries served have had documented corruption problems which could influence the reliability of the information. This information and process used is useful for the policy makers the study was intended for, but for practical management it is not specific in making recommendations for changes. This process could be used in more practical ways if the planning led to gathering data specific to the situation. The process of determining how to disburse funds depending on need could be useful in my organization. We have a fund to provide financial assistance to patients that are not able to pay for services. Looking at this study, it is important that we develop some methods to determine need based on other funding sources to more objectively determine funding.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Leadership And The Delegation In Nursing Nursing Essay

Leadership And The Delegation In Nursing Nursing Essay Florence Nightingale once said, But then again, to look to all these things yourself does not mean to do them yourselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦But can you insure that it is done when not done by yourself. (p. 17). These words, written in her Notes on Nursing, spoke of the idea of delegation in nursing. Over the years, delegation has become increasingly important in the nursing profession. It is important for a nurse to understand how to delegate to others efficiently without compromising patient safety or facing a lawsuit. This can sometimes prove to be a harder task than one might think, especially for a new graduate who has no experience with delegation. However, there are certain guidelines set in place that, if followed, will enable you to delegate tasks safely, properly, and effectively. Delegation is defined as the transference of responsibility and authority for an activity to a competent individual (Berman Snyder, 2012). When delegating a task to another individual, there are five rights of delegation that must be considered. The five rights of delegation include the right task, the right circumstance, the right person, the right communication and the right supervision (Tomey, 2009). The first right, the right task, takes into consideration whether it is within a persons scope of practice to perform the task being delegated. A specific task that can be delegated to one person may not be appropriate for another person, depending on each persons experience and individual skill sets. Also, a task that is appropriate for one person to perform with one client may not be appropriate with a different client or the same client under altered circumstances. (Berman Snyder, 2012) A lot of times, a list of tasks that can and cannot be delegated can be found in the nurse practice act for the state of practice. In addition to considering if a task is within a persons scope of practice, the nature and complexity of the task to be delegated should also be considered. Only activities that have a predictable outcome and are done the same way every time should be delegated (Sheehan, 1998). For example, it is okay to delegate a task such as taking a blood pressure or measuring urine output. Tasks that are more complicated or could hurt a patient, such as changing a patients surgical dressing, should not be delegated. The right circumstance is the second right of delegation. Even if a person has the ability and is allowed to perform a certain task, it is important to consider the circumstances before delegating. For example, ambulating a patient is a task that can normally be delegated to a nursing assistant. However, if you consider a patient who is post-op for a hip replacement and has a history of hypotension and anemia, this task would not be appropriate to delegate to a nursing assistant or any other person who does not have the necessary training to know what to do if the person were to become unstable. Generally, appropriate activities for consideration in delegation decision making include those which frequently reoccur in the daily care of a client or group of clients, which do not require the UAP to exercise nursing judgment, do not require complex and/or multi-dimensional application of the nursing process, for which the results are predictable and the potential risk is minimal, and which utilize a standard and unchanging procedure. (National Council of State Board Nursing, 1997) The third right of delegation is the right person. It is important to consider who the best person would be to handle a given situation. This means taking into consideration whether or not a person has the knowledge, skill, and competency to perform the task. Also, it should be considered whether or not the person has performed the task in the past and if not, if they need supervision in performing the task. The RN must consider qualifications, job descriptions, and competency when delegating task to various caregivers. Qualifications are generally determined by state licensure or certification, and the RN may reference hospital policies and procedures, job descriptions, published state practice acts, or unit guidelines if unfamiliar with specific qualifications. For instance, an LVN/LPN may be permitted by license to draw blood in some states. In other states the LVN/LPN must have an additional certification to draw blood. (Osborn, 2010) The fourth right of delegation is the right communication. It is very important when delegating a task to another person to make sure and communicate what is needed. This means not only telling the person what to do, but giving all information that will be needed in order to perform the task. For example, when assigning the task of taking a patients blood pressure to someone, it is important to include when they need to be taken, as well as restrictions that may be needed such as to only use the left arm. In addition, specific instructions need to be given about when information should be reported back to you and any information that should be reported back immediately. For instance, if you assign the task of taking a patients blood sugar to a nursing assistant, it is important to make sure that he or she knows what a normal reading and that any readings that are not in the expected range should be reported immediately. It is also important to make sure that all instructions are unde rstood by the person you assigning the task to and if any supervision may be needed. The fifth right of delegation is the right supervision. It is very important that any time you delegate a task, you make sure that it has been done correctly and completely. At times, a task that is delegated will be completed under direct supervision. For example, when teaching a student to insert a foley catheter, you will be with them during the task guiding them through the process. It is not always possible to be present to directly supervise all tasks that you have delegated, even though you are still ultimately accountable. It is critically important to make sure and oversee the progress on the tasks that you have delegated to ensure they are properly executed, The Board of Nursing has the legal responsibility to regulate nursing practice and provide guidance regarding delegation of nursing tasks. The licensed nurses specialized education, professional judgment and discretion are essential for quality nursing care. Nurses are uniquely qualified for promoting the health of the whole person by virtue of their education and experience. Nursing is a knowledge-based process discipline and cannot be reduced solely to a list of tasks. Therefore, the nurse must coordinate and supervise the delivery of nursing care, including the delegation of nursing tasks to others. While some nursing tasks may be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP), the practice-pervasive functions of assessment, evaluation and nursing judgment must not be delegated. All decisions related to delegation of nursing tasks must be based on the fundamental principle of protection of the health, safety and welfare of the public. The issues surrounding delegation are compl ex and multi-faceted. It is the responsibility of the licensed nurse to determine which tasks can be appropriately delegated and accept accountability for the outcomes. Assigning unqualified persons to perform nursing care functions, task or responsibilities and or failing to effectively supervise persons to whom nursing functions are delegated or assigned constitutes misconduct. (South Carolina Board of Nursing, 2010) In order to be able to delegate efficiently and effectively, it is important to consider the four principles of delegation. The first is the principle of result excepted, which suggests that before delegating a task to someone, you should be able to clearly define the goals and results that are expected of them. In other words, as a nurse, you should be able to perform the skill that you are delegating to another person and be able to teach about it if necessary. The second principle is the principle of parity of authority and responsibility , which says that when delegating a task, you should choose a person who is capable of doing the job on their own and not impress excessive authority. The nurse should know the regulations in the state of practice regarding which tasks can be delegated to another person and those which should be done by only an RN. The third principle is the principle of absolute responsibility. This principle says that when delegating care to another person, the RN should be aware that he/she is the one who is ultimately responsible. It is very important to supervise tasks which have been delegated in order to ensure the safety of all patients and of her own license. The fourth principle is the principle of authority, which suggests that you should only delegate tasks that are within your jurisdiction. If you are ever in doubt about an important decision, you should consult someone in a higher position about the issue. Also, you should understand which tasks you are allowed to delegate and which tasks that only you should be performing. You should also consider that there are some situations that do not require tasksto be delegated in order to be performed. For example, in assisted living facilities, care is provided to patients without having to have delegated by an RN. (Management Study Guide, n.d.). It is very important as a nurse to consider all aspects that go into delegating tasks to others. When all the guidelines are followed correctly a good judgement is used when choosing who to delegate a task to, delegation can be a great tool that nurses can use. Your floor will run smoothly and you will be able to more efficiently care for your patients. It is of utmost importance that we as health care providers put the care and needs of the patients first when making decisions that could affect their treatment and ultimately their lives.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Using Real World examples, illustrate both some of the potential :: Economics

Using Real World examples, illustrate both some of the potential benefits of monopolies and explain how monopoly firms may be able to engage in price discrimination practices. A monopolistic market or company is one where there is non existent competition. There is one leading market domineer that is producing and supplying the entire market. In a monopolistic market the company in question can determine prices or the amount of products sold to work in their advantage. The power of a monopoly company is that it can completely dominate a particular market subject to whether or not there are existing or up and coming substitutes. By this what is meant is that there could well be a substitute for the monopolist’s product. An example of this would be old public sector companies like British Rail. They controlled the entire rail travel market; however there were always alternative forms of travel like coach or air travel. This proves that there is no real possibility of a pure monopoly as there are always alternatives. There is another variant that decides to classification of a monopoly. This is the barriers of entry into that particular industry or sector of the market. If there are low barriers of entry, this will stimulate competition between firms competing for consumers of that market sector, however if the barriers are of high entry, then it is easy to say that the company dominating the market is that of a monopolistic nature. This echoes the fact that a monopolistic firm can indeed decide on price or quantity sold to influence demand. They can only influence demand to a certain extent because of other alternatives to their own product e.g. travel and different forms of transport. By doing this, a monopolist company can make non-standard profits in the long term future. A major advantage of a monopolistic firm is that it can use price discrimination as a tool in gaining more money. This is where a firm can make the consumer pay for a different price for the exact same service. A good example of this is through British telecom and how it is cheaper to ring during off peak tariffs rather that during the day when the cost of a phone call is substantially higher than that of a phone call during the evening. However, for price discrimination to happen there must be a number of factors occurring to make price discrimination work for the company. First, the company must know its customers and know that they have different demands to that of other people. This may be the travel of commuters into the city for work.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Search For My Tongue and Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan :: Poems Poetry Essays

Search For My Tongue and Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan The first poem â€Å"Search† focuses on less visual effects such as language. She writes the beginning and of the poem in English but the middle is made up of Gujerati. Even though we cannot tell what the writing means it doesn’t matter because we still get the same effect from it, the almost angriness and distress from the poet, Sujata Bhatt . The other poem â€Å"Presents† uses visual items like clothes to show the difference in cultures: â€Å"my costume clung to me I was aflame.† Moniza Alvi sees her Pakistani clothes as a â€Å"costume† rather than normal clothes. She calls it this because they are so different to English clothes that when she wears them it’s like she is putting on a play and she is an actress at the weekends. â€Å"I longed for denim and corduroy.† Most people see Pakistani clothes as beautiful creations but she doesn’t like them and would prefer to wear boring English clothes such as jeans. All through the poem â€Å"presents† the poet talks about the difference in the two cultures and explains that she feels she has â€Å"no fixed nationality† and like the other poet wants empathy form the reader and wants the reader to know how it feels to have two separate parts of your life. Moniza Alvi calls her Pakistani clothes her â€Å"weekend clothes† this shows that she doesn’t see them as clothes she wants to wear but clothes she is forced to wear by her parents and relatives so that she remembers her culture in Pakistan. Both poets feel as if they don’t belong in either culture they long to just have a simple background from one country although other people who have that wish that they had different exciting backgrounds. Both poems are autobiographical and talk to you as a the reader not to a group of people. â€Å"You ask me what I mean† is the first line of â€Å"Search for my Tongue† Sujata Bhatt uses the first line to show that she is answering a question, not that anyone has directly asked but that she knows people are thinking. Unlike â€Å"Presents from my aunts† which uses a lot of similes throughout the poem this poem is one big metaphor. â€Å"If you had two tongues in your mouth, and lost the first one.† The poet describes her language all through the poem like she has two tongues in her mouth and Gujerati is her â€Å"mother tongue† and English is her â€Å"foreign tongue† In each poem the poets both want to get rid of their original cultures

Wal-Mart SWOT Analysis :: essays research papers

Rochester Area Habitat for Humanity The community project selected by our cohort was the Area Habitat for Humanity (AHH). Out of several options, this project was picked on the basis of task verity, task arrangement, and task schedule. A contingency project was also selected at that time. Mission of RAHH is to create and provide affordable homes for low income families. RAHH selects eight to ten families out of hundreds that apply on the basis of income level, credit worthiness, and family size each year. Each adult member of the selected families requires to spend 250 hours in home construction and 35 hours in classroom training on home maintenance. A typical house that RAHH builds is comprised of four bed rooms, two bathrooms, a kitchen, a dinning room, a living room, and a garage. The average cost of building each house is about $60000. A finished house can get appraised up to $150000. The house we were selected for our project is located in the North-East. We started the project at about 9:00am on Saturday. Trent Frugal, a member of the RAHH, provided us with a short orientation. In this orientation, we learnt about the RAHH value and the proper process, procedure, and needed precautionary measurement in doing our task. Our task for the day was to put sheetrock on the wall and on the ceiling. Two of eight cohort members had some previous experience in sheetrocking. We divided ourselves into two groups by having one of the experience sheetrockers in each group. The whole effort was based on collaboration and was driven by consensus. Members of the group that I worked with were good hearted, friendly, cooperative. Each of us acted as a true team player by providing opinions, suggestions, and sharing knowledge with in the group. Our task was to scale, cut, and fasten the sheetrock in the wall and the ceiling. A volunteer who was not part of our cohort, an expert builder, was with us to provide some guidance as needed. This provided guidance helped us identify the right materials and the process to complete the task. In doing the sheetrocking task, I quickly learnt the importance of having a cohesive and harmonious team. The whole opportunity was a great learning experience for me.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Living Like Weasels Essay

â€Å"Living Like Weasels†, by Annie Dillard, is a very complex essay with deep metaphorical meaning. In her essay, Dillard takes an interesting view of the way people could live; she describes how a weasel moves through life, suggesting humans take a similar approach. Bringing things back to a more primitive perspective of instinct and simplicity, she explores through symbolic imagery, why humans should latch on to their one passion in life and never let it go. Many people may think it is strange to suggest that a human being should live like an animal such as the weasel. However, a weasel exhibits a variety of desirable traits that we humans yearn to attain. In the first part of Dillard’s essay, she gives a brief introduction of what a weasel is and the sort of tendencies that they have. She then goes on to tell an elaborate story of a man who shot an eagle out of the sky only to find that a weasel was fixed by its jaws to the eagle’s throat. Dillard states, â€Å"The supposition is that the eagle had pounced on the weasel and the weasel swiveled and bit as instinct taught him, tooth to neck, and nearly won.† The weasel acted upon instinct, disregarding the size and power of the eagle. Dillard uses this bizarre image to show her admiration for the instinct and determination of this small creature, as well as a basis for the premise of her essay. Further into her essay, Dillard brilliantly ties her thoughts together. She states, â€Å"Time and events are merely poured, unremarked, and ingested directly, like blood pulsed into my gut through a jugular vein†¦The thing is to stalk your calling in a certain skilled and supple way, to locate the most tender and live spot and plug into that pulse.† Here, Dillard creates a clear picture of what she believes to be the best way to find your one true passion. Somewhat like how the weasel instinctively bit onto the eagle’s neck, she suggests that humans stalk their one passion and then hold on wherever it takes them. Dillard sums up the main idea of her entire essay in the last paragraph. She says, â€Å"I think it would be well, and proper, and obedient, and pure, to grasp your one necessity and not let it go, to dangle from it limp wherever it takes you. Then even death, where you’re going no matter how you live, cannot you part. Seize it and let it seize you up aloft even, till your eyes burn out and drop†. With this statement, Dillard more directly states  that people should do as the weasel does. Just as the weasel grabbed onto the eagle, humans should hang on to their one passion, because even through death and whatever else is to come, what you have grabbed onto will last forever. Throughout Dillard’s essay she uses key phrases such as â€Å"ingested†, â€Å"latch on†, â€Å"grasp†, â€Å"plug into the pulse†, or even â€Å"jaws†. All of these are phrases that allude to the segment earlier in her essay about the weasel that fearlessly latches onto the throat of an eagle, refusing to let go. These phrases create an extremely clear and even somewhat violent scenario, but they are all components to what Dillard believes humans should practice in their every day lives. Through a series of metaphors and symbolic imagery, Dillard is able to convey her philosophy towards life: to latch onto a certain passion and not let it go even through death. Although her idea is very intriguing, even romantic, the type of single mindedness and drive that she suggests could be somewhat dangerous. Having complex minds that are always aware of choices and different paths to take, the human species could not function under such restrictions as a weasel does. Although this is true, humans can strive for their goals and passions with great determination, yet unlike the weasel, have the benefit of having certain awareness for the consequences of their actions.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Healthy Living Report Essay

Healthy livingâ€Å" Campaign report 1. Background research to the issue To find the way linked to my group topic and target made us to meet many times and discuss about social issues among students and young people. It made my group to think a lot what topic for campaign would be interesting to us – while working for this, and similarly what would be interesting for other people especially for students in Middlesex University. First of all, everyone in my group pay attention on unhealthy food and ingredients which make daily food able to be fresh for long term and even dangerous. My group decided to start doing campaign â€Å"tricky food† and we all fell into research on dangerous ingredients in popular supermarkets’ food. As we published in our Wiki page â€Å"Unhealthy substitutes used in food production† had to be our campaign stage. (Wiki, ResearchS08G1). From long list of various chemicals and acids which are used in food our group made a decision to focus on Aspartame the most. Aspartame is artificial sweetener which is 200 times sweeter than sugar and commonly used in food industry. In the internet is not difficult to find many articles and discussions about it, some people claim that it is very dangerous to human’s health because of its force to cause cancer, nerve disorders, birth defects and other healthy imbalances. From the other side of view, probably from the business side, some people are ready to prove that aspartame is not so bad, the right amount of it in food is not dangerous and it is cheaper to use in food industry than sugar. However, this sweetener is widely used and found in drinks such as diet coke, energy drinks and even some juice. In the United States aspartame is regulated by FDA – Food and Drug Administration which has set the ADI (acceptable daily intake) for aspartame 50mg/kg and similarly in the European Union – by European Food Safety Authority ADI is 40mg/kg. (American Cancer Society, Learn About Cancer 2011). Well, when the national administration has set the secure quantity of this sweetener it became allowable to use it in food widely. Due to that my group decided that there are no argues with food industry and during our campaign it is hard to change sweeteners usage in nourishment and we made another decision: to change campaign topic and target substantially. Every one of us is surrounded by bright adverts and slogans to be eco-friendly, to eat healthy food, to avoid junk food, to choose food without any preservatives and so on. My group and I also decided to join in those who are providing healthy living style. We started to do another research linked to it, to search what vitamins human need to recover healthy organism after winter and which fruit and vegetables have beneficial vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Also very important issue that UK is on the leading position in regards to obese citizens in Europe (Wiki, ResearchS08G1). Regarding to New York Times (2010, The World is Fat) in almost half of developed countries, one out of every two people is overweight or obese. In the figure is clearly visible that England was and will be second nation after United States which has overweight, till 2020 it can reach 70 per cent limit! These facts made us to take care for obese issue in United Kingdom. As a united group of different countries: two Lithuanians, Polish and two English we see our target to start informing students about this growing problem by providing healthy eating habits and healthy life style including exercises and view of it. 2. Process of campaign planning Firstly, we had chosen to run the campaign about â€Å"tricky food† and especially aspartame but as I mentioned in the first part of report, during the research we found facts that aspartame is legal sweetener and the right amount of it is not dangerous to human’s health. With our campaign we would be having too less force and evidence in order to avoid this sweetener use in food industry. Regarding to this, we left the idea about tricky food and during more than two meetings we were discussing about many topics which could be interesting and worthy to pay attention. It was not easy part of planning our campaign because we all understood that to find the topic with strong target and serious attitude it is difficult. We mentioned points such as how we could include more people to our team, how we could represent information for them and for our university, should we stay only in university or shall we go further: inform people about issue in our living areas, in the social websites, etc. how we could do our event and what to do so as to attract an attention. We were sure that we will have leaflets with useful information, that we will set up facebook page for our campaign and we will do our event in the university. In our meeting we had not have one  person as a chairperson, we all were equivalent and we all were suggesting our ideas. My idea was to look deeper how we are living, what are ours daily diet, daily routine – are we healthy enough or should we change something in our lives. While suggesting the topic Healthy living I also had an idea to raise the charity fund. Even more, to visit children schools or other meeting places and inform them about our campaign and targets. Unfortun ately, I had not got any assent from my team members for this action. However, I sent some emails to charities such as British Red Cross and Save the Children. I informed them about our campaign and targets, mentioned that we would like to do our campaign as a charity. While giving healthy food (fruit or veg) in university my team could collect some donation for one of the charities and later we could collaborate by doing volunteering jobs or events providing healthy living. I have got an answer from British Red Cross, they were interesting in our action and targets. Unfortunately, I had got that answer too late because we were already doing our campaign on ourselves without any outside organizations. 3. Work as a group From my view at this point I am quite happy while working with my group. As in every team work we faced with some advantages and disadvantages but the final result was nice. The best times and really strong team work were when all group members were attending the meetings. Sure, it had happen only few times, however, those meetings were pretty good. We had never have any argues or complaints, our discussions were always polite and with respect to each other. We always listened to each other’s ideas and discussed them together with giving some agreements or reasoned rejections. Usually our meetings were with three attended group members. Nevertheless, we were able to consider what would be the next step, what research we had to do until next meeting and all jobs or duties were apportion between every team member equally. Even more, if we were having enough spare time after meeting, some of us were going to library to do research together or to write down the minutes into the wiki page. For more questions or advice we were chatting online, by sending emails we arranged for the next meeting. On the other hand, this low attendance made some difficulties to organize all team work, it always takes time to text messages to inform other members about further actions. Because everyone has jobs it was difficult to find right times in order to meet all together, some group members were paying more attention for their jobs than to studies and especially for this campaign. Due to these issues our campaign was small and weak, its background were just two people who pay more attention to every organizing step. 4. Your action I value my action in the group as big part of whole campaign. The background and topic of Healthy living was my idea suggested in the group meeting. I came with the wide idea of it and I had some plans how to reach the main aim. As I mentioned above, I offered to do a campaign as a charity: while providing fruit or vegetables for students we can collect donation for a charity, later collaborate with that organization and hope for getting some support. Personally I always like to communicate with organizations such as charities or other help centres, I have previous experience by searching the support for some events that is why I feel free and confident while asking others to promote my plans. This time I had asked some charities but unfortunately I have not got any help from them. First of all, I think I had to call them straight away and reject sending emails and waiting for answers, second , I think I had to let them know more about my action, about our campaign, purpose and all details so as to make them interesting enough to support us. Finally, if I would be able to have enough force to influence others I would have asked other my group members to help me and to pay more attention on our campaign because I felt too weak to take this huge part alone. Anyway, at the end of March and beginning of April I was communicating with Community Fundraiser from British Red Cross. She replay to my email a bit too late than I was expected but it is always nice to let other communities know about my actions and attitude. I can be brave to say that I was that person in my group who was the most enthusiastic about campaign planning and actions. It was not difficult to take care and organize the event during which we were giving free apples, apple shaped stickers and leaflets with interesting information about fruit. In order to get apples each of us asked local shops to support us by giving some apples. I am living Hendon, so here I found many local shops where I am shopping almost every day and I visited them with my special request. First of all, while talking to the manager of the shop I let him know who I am and what I am doing, later I asked him to support our campaign and in the same way I made him sure that he is making big help not only for my group but also for some students who maybe will start thinking more about healthy life style. Some shops rejected my request but I did not give up and went ahead. Finally, I found one shop near to the Hendon Central Station which was very helpful and polite. People who are working there wished me luck and even know they look at me as at friendly shopper. 5. Supporting other campaigns Our group was working alone without any collaborate with other campaigns from our module. As we all got the topic food almost all campaigns were linked to healthy products. Some of them had chosen specifically one product (energy drink, junk food – hamburgers, etc. ) and they run campaigns in order to change people attitude and inform them how dangerous it is. Differently, we had not chosen any products – we looked into whole lifestyle which includes food, exercises and attitude. I really appreciate other people job, how they did their campaigns, how they had represented their ideas and what targets they had. Only one thing what I might to change could be the way how they did their events. Most of all campaigns were too silent, working only on social websites such as Facebook or Twitter, I would rather do it loudly in the centre of our university. References: Wiki, S08G1 â€Å"Healthy Living†, research 2012 [online], http://mcs1000campaigns. middlesex. wikispaces. net/ResearchS08G1 American Cancer Society, Learn about cancer 2011. [online], http://www. cancer. org/Cancer/CancerCauses/OtherCarcinogens/AtHome/aspartame The New York Times, The World is Fat 2012, [online], http://economix. blogs. nytimes. com/2010/09/23/the-world-is-fat/

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Ideology Affects The Way Literature Is Read English Literature Essay

Literature in Marxism is perceived as something which is profoundly influenced by the civilization and society in which the writer is populating in. Therefore literature is seen as a merchandise from civilization which means that the writer is affected by the environment and the external elements environing him. In the same manner one reader differs from the other because he or she is besides affected by the societal milieus. Furthermore, Marxists, and subsequently on Structuralists, believe that because literature is experienced harmonizing to 1s attitude and rules of society, literature is ‘ideologically impregnated by its societal placement ‘ .[ 1 ]Lois Althusser has played an of import function in the shaping of political orientation in literature with of import essays such as his 1970 essay entitled Reading â€Å" Capital † and another more of import essay in the field of political orientation entitled Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses ( 1970 ) . Othe rs like Roland Barthes besides helped specifying the function of political orientation when reading literature particularly with the outstanding essay entitled The Death of the Author, published in 1967. Early Marxists believed in the thought that literature is non simply merely a creative activity but it is a production. The difference between the two is that by ‘creating ‘ one is explicating something out of nil whilst on the other manus, by ‘production ‘ , the creative person is bring forthing something out of other stuffs which is where the societal and political context comes in. In Marxism there is an on-going dualism between the impression of the base and the impression of the superstructure. This dualism is understood in multiple ways by different critics such as Althusser. The superstructure, harmonizing to Marxism, is made up of those institutes which surround us as one of base and therefore of pure contemplation. On the contrary the base which is that which determines society is one of economic dealingss. Harmonizing to Marxists it is the superstructure which in itself includes art and therefore literature which enforces the ways of production. In c ontrast to this, another sort of dualism is a contrast between imminency and the thought of committed literature. The thought that art is written for art ‘s interest suggests that what is literary is in world internal for the text and therefore it reinforces the thought that what is of import is what happens inside the text and non what can be instantly seen on first glimpse. Therefore the literary is found behind the written words, what is left unwritten by the writer and this must be found out by the reader himself. The theory so moves on from one of superstructures to that of an political orientation. Subsequently on Marxism developed into Structuralism, in which the construction is favoured over the topic itself which has been developed by theoreticians such as Louis Althusser and Pierre Macherey to reason against the experiential philosophical ways of theoreticians like Georg Lukas and Jean-Paul Sartre.[ 2 ]With Structuralism, the issues of the function of the authors com es into inquiry and the aesthetic creative activity is so seen as one which promises a better hereafter and therefore literature and art become something which underline the endowments of the creative person instead than something which divides people and turns them against one another. It becomes a promise for a better hereafter.[ 3 ]Structuralists move off from the Hegelian problematic and on the other manus they move towards grouping literature with other diverse activities which are productive. They refuse to split the existent off from representation in literature. Literature is now seen as on the one manus, a produced object and on the other manus as a consequence of the societal production and the definition of the existent becomes dependent on the environment in which it was produced and this is where the impression of political orientation comes in. Ideology has become a cardinal construct in Marxists ‘ theoreticians ‘ plants and unfavorable judgment about art and literature. Marxists see ideology more than merely the survey of thoughts but they see it as an mentality of life. The Bourgeois political orientation is regarded by Marxists as constructing and infusing establishments in society and in civilizations which besides include literature and different signifiers of art. Ideology, peculiarly to Structuralists, becomes an imperative issue, particularly to the manner in how one can speak about political orientation in a non-ideological manner. At first Marxists see the word political orientation in a negative visible radiation due to the fact that they associate the word with ‘false consciousness ‘ .[ 4 ]Marxists see political orientation as a method employed by the dominant categories to forestall subsidiaries from gaining the true nature of things and alter them to their ain benefits. Therefore as a a gency of concealing the truth and maintaining the governing power over the inferior categories from obtaining their rightful civil autonomies. But so in the 1960 ‘s, Althusser changed the construct of political orientation being a sort of false consciousness with his essay Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses ( 1970 ) . In this essay Althusser argues that society must foremost be divided into different â€Å" ideological province setups † instead than be viewed as a whole. He argues that instead than false consciousness, the political orientations vary harmonizing to each province setup. Althusser sees literature as being one of these province setups since literature does non show merely one sort of political orientation but it varies harmonizing to the text. He states that interpellation takes topographic point instead than societal consciousness and this means that the human being is made up of the established constructions in society such as the mass media and literature in which the representations seen in it consist of the looks of mundane worlds. Therefore, political orientation, harmonizing to Althusser, is made up of both the existent and the fanciful since it is existent because it shows how people truly live their mundane life in conformity with society and its spheres but fanciful because it does non offer a full apprehension of the ways of how people are constituted in these societal worlds.[ 5 ]At the same clip when people read a realist text they can associate to it and when characters are portrayed as being free, the text will interpellate the readers to believe that they are free as good. Thus, realist novels work in the same manner as political orientation does ; by turn toing the readers and as a consequence doing them believe the ideological vision that they are portraying. Althusser discusses the interpellation of the topic in relation to political orientation. Harmonizing to Althusser, both the author and the reader are topics and therefore they both become ideological topics because both of them live ‘spontaneously ‘ .[ 6 ]The linguistic communication so has its ain function in the interpellation as to show the human being as unified, independent, subjectiveness.[ 7 ]Althusser uses the illustration of the authoritative pragmatism since it is a extremely popular genre in different countries of humanistic disciplines, in peculiar, in literature. Althusser uses this genre because in itself it is a topic which shows non merely the political orientation of the true representation of world in add-on the apprehension of the state of affairs of topic.[ 8 ]In the nineteenth century, the impression of the writer fostering off from the text he has written was going even more dominant, particularly in realistic fiction. In the authoritative realist n ovels the truth is shown, but non told since the reader has the undertaking of happening it out for him or her ego. This can be seen in diverse novels in the genre such as those written by Defoe and Hardy. In these novels the reader is interpellated as the topic since he has the undertaking of make up one's minding and happening out the truth, which in itself, is an ideological pattern. Thus significances change consequently to a individual ‘s political orientation. Belsey argues that classical pragmatism follows the same cyclical form in most novels. This includes a sort of upset which is encapsulated in a narrative of for illustration love or slaying. But at the terminal the narrative ever reaches an stoping which the reader in some manner or the other expects and hence order is restored. This can be found in novels such as Jane Eyre, where order is restored as Jane and Mr Rochester ‘s look of love makes its full circle. This, harmonizing to Belsey, is non found in his tory since it is narrated in an impersonal mode and there is no defined talker, whilst in narrative the talker is defined as a topic and the reader relates to this voice. The narrative in fact unfolds through this interpellation between the reader and the writer and through this communicating ; the topics portion the significances of the work through political orientation. Belsey besides argues that in classical pragmatism, the reader is in a manner delighting his ain self-importance by placing and positioning himself in the function of the supporter. Belsey states that this interpellation between the reader and the writer is non merely done in the 3rd all-knowing narration but besides in the first storyteller since the reader besides gets the opportunity to associate to the supporter in inquiry. But the 3rd narrative allows the reader to explicate the stoping of the narrative before it is written. Therefore the reader as a topic himself is in a place of subjectiveness and therefore in an ideological place. But at the same clip, to decline this place, is in itself an ideological pick.[ 9 ] Althusser negotiations about how a individual can non hold a complete indifferent read since it is really hard to avoid doing givens and ideas which may prejudice the reading in many ways. For that ground the reading is different from one individual to another and it is ne'er impersonal because it is affected by the societal milieus. Althusser besides argues that behind the text that one can see in a book or in any literary signifier which he calls ‘explicit discourse ‘ there is ever the underlying, unobserved, ‘silent discourse ‘ , which the writer is non cognizant of and so it is the undertaking of the reader to happen it out.[ 10 ]This ‘silent discourse ‘ is hence the elements which affected the writer unconsciously in clip of composing the text. Hence Althusser proposes that when reading, one must abandon what the writer had intended for him or her to read and understand and alternatively acknowledge the implicit in ‘silence ‘ which it conceals in itself. This system is called the ‘symptomatic reading ‘ , in which by governing out the construction of the statement, one uncovers the ideological constructions of the text. Althusser argues that the writer ‘s sentiment is non the lone one which can be given to the text because each reader has a different background with different signifiers of political orientations and each one of these may impact the manner the novel is read. For illustration people may come from different civilizations with different traditions from those of the writer and as a effect the readings of the fresh alteration. Consequently, Althusser is against the thought of empiricist philosophy, which is to understand the novel or text by direct scrutiny. Empiricists besides believe that intending comes from experience instead than congenital traditions and thoughts which affect the manner the novel is read. Althusser argues that the political orientation within every human bein g affects his manner of comprehending a novel or a work of art. Catherine Belsey, agrees with Althusser and provinces that political orientation is something indispensable which can non be discarded with a individual idea since it is steadfastly positioned inside every individual individual. She besides argues that political orientation is what makes ‘concrete persons as topics ‘[ 11 ]and therefore it affects us continuously. Althusser argues that significance is created by the reader instead than discovered and this is done through the apprehension of the unconscious of the writer at the clip of composing the novel and by the pattern which takes topographic point when reading the text[ 12 ]which ‘sets to work, in a specific construction ‘[ 13 ]. Althusser references four types of pattern which are the economic, political, ideological and theoretical. The ideological pattern takes up a novel or a text and gives it a whole new significance and this is done through the societal agencies which give it a new point of view and position. In Althusser, the ideological pattern refers to the diverse and composite ways in which a piece of art and literature ‘s significance is modified harmonizing to the day-to-day actions of a peculiar individual. Therefore when one states that something is ‘ideological ‘ , it involves in the inactive imitation of the misguided beliefs about the nature of societal world. Sometimes person takes a place which may look as incoherent and conflicting, but one must understand that it might hold non been seen in this manner when the place was taken because political orientation is rich in contradictions but which at the same clip, they underpin it and give it intending.[ 14 ] In the same manner Roland Barthes argues that Bourgeoisie composing can non be guiltless since one can non compose without zero prejudice in head. Barthes argues that all the written texts are in some manner or another ideologically charged. He states that in authorship, the writer is in some manner or another, ideologically tinged since when one is composing, he or she already has an political orientation which is soundless and which naturalises the attitudes of the dominant category. Barthes agrees with Althusser by stating that the soundless political orientation is a soundless mode of pass oning to the reader. He developed the thought that literature is non guiltless since it contains political orientation and hegemony because in the writer there is ever an ideological angle which affects what he writes or what he should n't compose. Barthes besides argues that the political orientation is linked with political relations and faith and the author makes usage of literature as a age ncy of bring forthing another thought. Literature after the Second World War had to be committed and one could non compose literature in a vacuity any longer. This is seen in George Orwell ‘s Animal Farm ( 1945 ) which is non merely a fable but a manner of conveying to the populace an consciousness of the category war between the in-between categories and the dominant categories. In reacting to a text by reading it, the reader is naturalizing something which may non be natural and the power of the opinion category is exerted in a manner such as it naturalises itself. Literature is hence a series of codifications which have to be understood since literature is portion if a codification and the reader encodes literature in order to do it a societal event. This theory goes manus in manus and has been developed from Saussure ‘s theory of the signified and the form which Barthes besides takes on to explicate how literature is made up. Roland Barthes ‘s most influential essay in the field of literature is entitled Death of the Author ( 1968 ) whom he explained as the figure shaped by critical discourse in order to restrict the readings in the manner of reading a literary text.[ 15 ]This essay is perceived as revolutionist in the spirit of revolution of the clip and it becomes a cardinal text which marks the alteration from Structuralism to Post-Structuralism. Barthes negotiations about and disagrees with the thought of the writer as a God since he creates the work out of nil, merely like God. He says that one can non let the writer to presume the function of God in literature but besides in art in general. Barthes is hence taking the function of the writer who imposes thoughts and beliefs on the reader and hence a bound to how the text is read. He believes in destabilizing the impression of the writer as the beginning of the text since the text exists independently off the writer and hence Barthes allows infi nite for the reader. He argues that one time the writer is removed from the text the reader becomes the critic and hence the decease of the writer resuscitates the reader and his thoughts. By making this Barthes is interrupting down the hegemony of the middle class author and hence the changeless political orientation which is traveling on must be realised. In the same manner as Althusser, he argues that political orientation is ever present and one must non acquire off from it but allow it assist him or her create his ain readings. By canceling the writer the reader or the translator now, merely like the writer, has all the traditional properties of inaugural removed and is transformed in the impersonal pattern of reading. What he or she is reading can non no longer be called ‘work ‘ but it becomes a ‘text ‘ since the word ‘work ‘ may bespeak the engagement of another individual in making it whilst the word ‘text ‘ does non give a sen se of individualism.[ 16 ]Althusser agrees with the thought of the decease of the writer by believing that the significance of a text is to be produced through a diagnostic analysis. The writer becomes a map of political orientation by interpellating the persons as topics.[ 17 ]Therefore one has to wholly dehumanize the text and turn it into something which involves no human attempt in making it, therefore ‘unseen problematics ‘ .[ 18 ] Therefore theoreticians like Althusser and Barthes show how ideology affects the manner of how a text is read by the reader. Both theoreticians agree that political orientation can non be eliminated when reading a text since it is necessarily found in each person and for that ground it affects the manner literature is read otherwise by diverse individuals with different political orientations.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Phisicology

Evidence-Based Strategies Name: Institution: Date: Finding a new life after an abusive marriage and prison sentence is an article that talks about a woman who was a police officer. Her husband used to abuse her physically and psychologically and one day she shot the husband as he was trying to beat her (Finding a New Life, 2014). For two sisters, A family bond tightens in bullet's wake is an article that talks about a fourteen year old Aka Leigh Harriet who is paralyzed from the chest downwards after being shot when she was three years.Her elder sister Ajax David does blamer herself as the cause of the little sister being paralyzed as a result of being shot. She gives many reasons as to why she blames herself for her sister being shot (For Two Sisters, 2014). Describe the major adjustment issues discussed in each story. According to the article on Finding a new life after an abusive marriage and prison sentence does display major adjustment issues. These issues include physical abuse and psychological abuse by her late husband whom the wife killed.The husband used to beat her and this resulted into psychological abuse for the wife which caused used the wife to feel pain as a result of being mistreated. This caused the wife to shoot the husband so that she could be free from the depression. According to an article for two sisters, a family bond tightens in bullet's wake, there are adjustment issues like the older sister Ajax David blaming herself for being responsible for a little sisters who was shot and became paralyzed.This is because Ajax thinks she did not take good care of her sister and she was not careful enough and that's why she was shot. Examine at least three (3) evidence-based strategies from the selected articles that could help the individuals enhance their adjustment skills. One evidence-based strategy is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy is normally of two types which are cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Cognitive therapy does focus on a person's opinions and attitude and the way they control a person's mood and behaviors.Behavioral therapy focuses on a person's behavior and intends to modify unhealthy behavior patterns. Cognitive behavioral therapy is important because it helps people to solve heir present problems and come up with various ways of solving the issues. Another strategy is the dialectical behavior therapy is used to treat people who have borderline personality disorder which is involved in suicidal thinking and behavior. This therapy helps to teach people new skills to help them deal with their situations in the right way.There will be a change in the way people behave so that there will be few incidences of people suffering from psychological problems. People will be able to control their characters and attitudes in the right way in order to avoid sisters situations. Interpersonal therapy is another strategy that helps in improving communication behavior and the way people communicate with others to help relieve depression. This therapy assists people to interact with other people in the right way and direct a person to change their attitude.This will bring better communication among various families that face the problem of miscommunication with their family members hence families will live free from distress. There will be low incidences of psychological issues happening in families. Recommend the evidence-based strategy that is best suited for the people in the selected articles. Provide a rationale for your response The best evidence-based strategy for people in the above articles is the interpersonal therapy which assists to improve communication between family members and other members.This means that in the article finding a new life after an abusive marriage and prison sentence, communication was the best way in which the problems could have been solved better. If there was better communication between the spouses, then there could be no physical abuse and ps ychological abuse since they could have solved their robbers. This could not have caused the wife to shoot the husband (Cornier, Nurses, & Osborn, 2009). Better communication skills between the spouses could have helped to minimize the anger of the husband so that he could not continue to beat the wife without any reason.This could help the wife to minimize her distress which lead her to kill the husband because of the pain she felt living a life full of distress. For two sisters, A family bond tightens in bullet's wake article communication is the only way that could have helped Ajax David to have no depression as a result of not having to blame herself. This is because she thinks she was responsible for her little sister being shot hence her being paralyzed. If only Ajax David had talked with the little sister after her being shot she could not have felt being responsible of what happened to her sister.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be open to oil drilling Research Paper

Should the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge be open to oil drilling - Research Paper Example Environmentalists and other interest groups however argue that allowing oil drilling in the region would endanger the wildlife in the region, disrupting their reproductive cycles, their communication, and their endangering their lives. Advocates for oil exploration in the region however insist that the impact of oil drilling in the region on the wildlife would be minimal at best. Opponents to the drilling are not convinced of such contention. Hence, much controversy in this issue is apparent. This paper shall explore this issue and establish a clear and comprehensive discussion on the topic. It shall draw its discussion based on information gathered from scholarly materials and compare it with newspaper and materials from the print media. The discussions in both types of sources shall be analyzed and assessed based on reliability and their applicability to this subject matter. These sources shall serve as both informal and formal scholarly sources for this issue, establishing clear s upport for the topic based on clearly defined and clearly identified arguments from well-supported write-ups. Side A: Oil drilling should not be allowed in the ANWR Scholarly articles are also polarized on the issue with studies discussing the environmental and others the economic aspect of the issue. In a study by Brown (2005), the author discussed the value of the wilderness which is protected by the ANWR. The author further argued the importance of maintaining the area as a wilderness – an area which must be unexplored and untrammeled by humans (Brown, 2005). These environmentalists are firm in expressing that allowing oil exploration in the ANWR would ruin its pristine condition because human activities would blemish the landscape. The US Congress has even acknowledged the fact that â€Å"beauty is in part the glory of seeing moose, caribou, and wolves living in natural habitat, untouched by civilization† (as cited by Brown, 2005). Various studies on environmental positions on the issue set forth that preservation is a priority over any other considerations, and that lands which have been set apart from human exploration must be preserved as such. Most Americans seem to agree with this stance because surveys throughout the years indicate that majority of them do not support drilling in the ANWR. A paper by Kaye (2005) also sets forth similar positions by environmentalists on the issue. This paper also discussed the importance of preserving the ANWR as a wildlife refuge. This study points out that the ANWR provides sanctuaries and benefits which cannot be seen in any other region in the world. They describe it as a place to exercise restraint. It therefore implies that human activities must be fiercely restrained and restricted in this area because it represents the power which people seem to have over the area – a power which must be held back and controlled to a certain extent (Kaye, 2005). In effect, these studies point out the impor tance of controlling human activities, allowing it to be carried out elsewhere, but to be avoided in this region which has for millions of years been allowed to flourish and to exist as an area untouched by human hands. Other scholarly articles discuss how government officials are clearly recognizing the need for the US to explore its domestic sources of oil, and therefore the need for the

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Radical Movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Radical Movements - Essay Example On the other hand, supporters of radical action believe that it is their participation which influences change: this can be clearly seen in the way in which Martin Luther King and Ella Baker reacted to events in Montgomery: Radical movements are essentially grassroots actions, often involving more direct intervention than there more authoritarian allies, and with the nature of this kind of action comes several questions on the nature of leadership and power within radical movements; whether these movements can be organized and planned, or whether they are essentially spontaneous and dependant upon individual participation, and how radical actions are depicted by the media, and then transplanted upon political movement as a whole. These questions will be studied through the perspectives of the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the labor and union movements of the 1970's and 80's, and the anti-war/globalization movements of the late 90's and early 2000's. ... Civil Rights The civil rights movement of the 1960's had a striking heritage in the campaigns of previous decades, including the radical actions of the 1930's (although the latter was rather taken over by the Communist Party, as in the Scottsboro Affair, due to lack of initiative by the NAACP). However, the previous campaigns had also left a deep split between the idea of strong leadership controlling the action, and the desire for collective control of the movement. The latter movement essentially believed that it was necessary for the oppressed to run their own lives, and this was the best method of obtaining freedom: "Including everyonemeant that the common assumption that poor people had to be led by their social betters was anathema" (Payne, chap 3). The mission of the Highlander Folk School was to teach people to develop themselves, not do their thinking for them. Even in white schools, this was a daring idea; but the real nature of the Highlander was radical civil disobedience. The school broke the segregation laws at the start, having an 'interracial philosophy': Many visitors testified that the experience of egalitarian living in an interracial situation had greater impact on them than the courses and workshops. (Payne, Chap. 3) This radicalisation not only extended to teaching and education, it also enrolled people as voters: a massively important move in the South, where very few black people were registered, and those involved in registering them were shot, injured, and frequently beaten up. The importance of this movement lies in its origins; although the Highlander was one school, it funded grass-roots education systems, until nearly two hundred schools were operating on the Highlander system: They had

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Pullotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pullotion - Essay Example Here comes the main problem of this millennium: the insane destruction of the environment, as we think that we are in secure, which is far from the truth. A warm evening in a fun and friendly company once has completely changed my inner world. One day my friends and I after dinner in the restaurant decided to walk along the coast. We were laughing and having fun, and nothing seemed to be able to change that. But this time the coast wasnt pleasant. Everywhere were dead swollen fish, black sand and the stench in the air. The childhood memory has arisen, though it was more than 15 years ago. It was a bright sunny day. I was looking forward to go with my parents to our favorite place on the Persian Gulf. Finally, it was the long-awaited meeting with the sea. I run to the shore, but everything was not as usual. Ugly oil stains fettered once azure water. On the white sand blackened terrible spots, and around were lying suffocated fish and black bodies of birds. Seagulls with feathers stuck together could not take off. The place which once was beautiful now has resembled an apocalyptic picture. I picked up a dying bird, trying in any way to help her and could not hold back my tears. Mom said it was all because of war, but then I could not even understand the full horror of the word. War destroys our lives, suddenly breaking into a cozy and familiar world. Even if the military battles are not taking place around of you, the horrors of war will catch you up in a place which seems to be rather peaceful. Thus, the large oil reserves are not only the Gods blessing. It is these deposits of oil which became a stumbling block between Iraq and Kuwait. On August 2, 1990 the territory of Kuwait was invaded by numerous Iraqi soldiers and Iraq announced the annexation of Kuwait. Hundreds of thousands of people fled the country; thousands of the remaining were arrested or killed. Iraqis looted or burned almost all civilian objects and set fire to 700 oil wells. Almost a year after

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Art and Fashion - Surrealism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art and Fashion - Surrealism - Essay Example The essay "Art and Fashion - Surrealism" concerns the surrealism in art and fashion. Schiaparelli together with Salvador Dali engaged in a symbiotic and collaborative partnership, in late 1930s. Schiaparelli’s Innovative surrealist dresses and accessories influenced by Dali’s paintings and sculptures. Schiaparelli experimented with the notion of clothing that dominates the human form, which compelled viewers to confront the primacy of fashion-as-art and the subordination of the female body. Indeed, Schiaparelli did not only transform the fashion industry but also smashed its foundations. Schiaparelli’s attraction to modernism in late 1920s and 1930s mirror in her predominant utilization of accessories, which played a critical function in her collection right from the beginning and she preferred to create a whole ensemble including jewelry, gloves, hats, and shoes. The innovations by Schiaparelli were a considerable liberation for women and attended by the introdu ction of vibrant and strong colors (exuberance and decoration), as well as themes in a collection. Schiaparelli effectively translated dominant Surrealism principles such as, an object never realizing the same function as its name or its image, into imaginative and provocative designs. In so doing, Schiaparelli generated â€Å"hard chic† fashions for unconventional-looking women. Surrealists were self-respecting artists in their own way and their works were at the center of challenging the patriarchal tradition of Surrealism. The female body was a vital tool for women Surrealists to generate a broad and varied expression of their sexuality, which cannot be limited to a single artistic medium. The Surrealists alluded to the notion of female sexuality laden with playfulness and humor.4 The contribution of Elsa Schiaparelli to the Surrealism movement is pertinent and rich as she was able to challenge conventional representations of femininity via playfulness.5 Elsa Schiaparelli was able to overcome the notion of women as objects of male consumption, and transformed the female body into a self-governing entity enriched by elegant sexual display. Elsa Schiaparelli’s designs based on key aspects such as sexuality, gender and fetish demonstrate that she generated garments, which were feminine and functional while at the same time preserving the Surrealist theme of the female anatomy as fetish.6 Discussion Schiaparelli combined the notion of classic design from the Romans and Greeks with the overriding need for freedom of movement. It was in the 1930s, which fashions designs started to be flamboyant as shoulders started to be a critical focus during the decade. During the 1930s, shoulders started to be a critical focus as heavily padded jackets for both men and women started to gain prominence. Schiaparelli can be regarded as a trendsetter in the 1930s and enjoyed a natural sensitivity towards fashion styling. Schiaparelli's legacy remains for her audaci ous improvisations that perfectly fitted with the surrealistic art dominating the period.7 Elsa Schiaparelli is well-known for her iconoclastic bravado and unlimited originality of her work. Schiaparelli contravened topical conventions within the